Maritime Patrol Aircraft (MPA) are specialized military aircraft designed to ensure security at sea, detect threats at an early stage, and maintain control over strategic maritime regions. These aircraft play a critical role in anti-submarine warfare, surface vessel surveillance, anti-smuggling operations, and monitoring illegal maritime activities. In particular, they are essential for protecting territorial waters and exclusive economic zones. In modern defense strategies, Maritime Patrol Aircraft are considered one of the key elements of deterrence thanks to their early warning and intelligence-gathering capabilities.

From a technical perspective, Maritime Patrol Aircraft are equipped with advanced radar systems, electro-optical sensors, magnetic anomaly detectors, and sonobuoys. These technologies enable them to detect both surface and underwater targets with high precision. For example, the P-8 Poseidon stands out with its jet-powered performance and long operational range, making it highly effective in open-sea missions. Meanwhile, the P-3 Orion has served for decades as a backbone platform for maritime surveillance across many countries. Regional and coastal missions are often carried out by platforms such as the ATR 72 and the CN-235. These aircraft can carry torpedoes, naval mines, and in some configurations, anti-ship missiles. Beyond combat roles, Maritime Patrol Aircraft are also actively involved in search and rescue operations, disaster response missions, and humanitarian support during peacetime. Considering the growing maritime traffic, energy routes, and strategically important waterways around the world, these aircraft remain indispensable components of modern naval security.