Military surveillance balloons have regained strategic importance in modern defense and security doctrines as high-altitude intelligence platforms. Although they may initially appear to be a traditional or simple technology, these systems are now equipped with advanced sensors, radars, and electro-optical cameras, making them highly effective. Their ability to remain airborne for long periods, operate with low operational costs, and continuously monitor vast areas makes them ideal for border security, early warning, and airspace surveillance missions. Compared to unmanned aerial vehicles, their quiet operation and capability to stay stationary for extended durations provide a significant strategic advantage.

From a technical perspective, military surveillance balloons typically operate at altitudes ranging from 20 to 30 kilometers, using helium or similar lightweight gases to remain aloft. Onboard systems such as synthetic aperture radar, signals intelligence equipment, and high-resolution imaging technologies enable real-time detection and tracking of ground and aerial targets. Historically, the military use of surveillance balloons dates back to the early 20th century; however, advancements in software and data transmission technologies have made them far more precise and reliable today. With long-endurance capability, wide-area coverage, and a low-risk operational profile, military surveillance balloons have become a complementary and valuable component of modern warfare and defense strategies.